Técnicas de remoção de secreções em crianças com bronquiolite viral aguda: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is an acute viral infectious syndrome, its main infectious agent is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), more common in children under two years of age. Initially the disease begins in the upper respiratory tract and progresses to the lower tract, resulting in obstruction of the small airways (bronchioles). Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of tracheobronchial secretions removal techniques in patients with acute viral bronchiolitis, and which techniques are more recommended, conventional or unconventional? Methods: Integrative literature review with a survey of scientific productions carried out from January 2005 to December 2020 that addressed conventional and current secretion removal techniques in the following databases: PEDro, Scielo and MEDLINE. The following descriptors were used: Bronchiolitis, Acute viral bronchiolitis, Physiotherapy and in English: Bronchiolitis; Physiotherapy tecniques. Results: A total of 38 studies were found, 30 of which were excluded, 8 articles made up the final sample. A total of 373 children were evaluated. Three studies compared conventional techniques with current techniques, three studies compared current techniques with instruments, one study compared only conventional techniques with airway aspiration. The other study used conventional and unconventional techniques together, with no comparisons. Conclusion: Physical therapy techniques reduce symptoms and improve the severity score in children with acute viral bronchiolitis, current techniques are superior/more effective, as they have a longer lasting effect, being the best respiratory physical therapy strategy aimed at this population, however there are still gaps to be clarified about the physical therapy treatment.