População em situação de rua e a abordagem adotada pelo SUS durante a pandemia de Covid-19: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction. Homeless population (PSR) is a heterogeneous term that specifically deals with the relationship between the subject and the street. More generally, the term encompasses groups of people who, due to a series of elements such as poverty, family disconnection, lack of regular housing and others, use public places as temporary and/or permanent housing (BRASIL, 2012a). Objective. Contextualize the problem of the homeless population and the health actions developed by the SUS during the COVID 19 pandemic, in the light of the scientific publications available on the subject. Methodology. This is an integrative literature review, characterized as a method that provides the synthesis of knowledge and the incorporation of the applicability of results of significant studies in practice. This type of study is based on six phases that include: 1) Elaboration of the guiding question; 2) Search or sampling in the literature; 3) Data collection; 4) Critical analysis of included studies; 5) Discussion of results; 6) Presentation of the integrative review. Results. The results obtained in Table 1 included 04 studies, 02 of which were available in English and 02 in English and Portuguese. The publications database covered LILACS and MEDLINE and the journals included 01 article in Rev. Brazil Sick; 01 article Rev. Adm. public; 01 article in the International Journal for Equity in Health and 01 in the PLoS Negal Trop Dis. As for the years of publication, 02 articles were published in 2020 and 02 in 2021. It was noted that the theme is expressive with productions of national and international highlights. As for the type of study, they covered 01 qualitative research; 01 ethnographic research; 01 qualitative approach of mixed methods and 01 cross-sectional study. According to the results obtained in Table 2, the categorization of health care for the homeless population was created, with an affinity approach relevant to the subject and in accordance with the studies included. The categories listed were vaccination; CnaR and public policies. In order to promote an in-depth and coherent reflection on the highlighted items of each category, the challenges faced by this population in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic were presented in a correlational way. Discussions. The COVID-19 pandemic hit Brazil in a scenario of unemployment, impoverishment and other risk factors that are related to the transmissibility of the disease. This reality has shown that economic crises are elements that can facilitate the transmission of infectious diseases, as well as hinder the implementation of control actions. Such contexts can express a mortality comparable to war situations, which can worsen the economic crisis; on existing vulnerabilities and on social and health inequities (CAMPOS et al., 2020). Corroborating these meanings, studies indicate that public policies must be implemented precisely to restore equity in health care, and especially to favor access to health by the vulnerable. The State is responsible for implementing such special spectrum policies and according to the needs of specific populations, so that they can, in fact, provide effective access to health for all citizens, as provided for in the Brazilian Constitution (BRASIL, 1988; PAULA et al., 2021). Conclusion. With this study, we warn about the importance of including this theme in training courses in the health area, in a specific way, and how much it should permeate the spaces of dialogue within the academy, with an integrated vision, encompassing teaching, service and the community. A formative posture that recognizes the reality surrounding the PSR, its implications and outcomes, can favor understanding and more responsible attitudinal propositions, around this concrete and challenging problem.