Atuação fonoaudiológica na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: Premature newborns are described as those with a gestational age of up to thirty-six weeks and seven days. Most preterm newborns need a probe so that they can carry out feeding in the NICU, it is the role of the speech therapist to stimulate the newborn so that it develops the sucking and swallowing reflex. Objective:Demonstrate the effectiveness of stimulation techniques used in preterm newborns. Method: This is an integrative literature review study. A search was carried out in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo) and CAPES, and the following descriptors were used: “speech therapy and newborn”, “speech therapy and preterm”, “stimulation and neonatal” Results:Twelve articles were selected, four of which showed positive results regarding non-nutritive stimulation. On the other hand, two had results contrary to the same stimulation. The other articles portrayed that oral sensory motor stimulation reduces the time of transition from probe to oral route, providing early hospital discharge Discussion:The present work allowed us to approach the importance of the speech-language pathologist's performance at the NICU in the early stimulation of preterm newborns, with regard to oral sensorimotor stimulation, non-nutritive stimulation and transition to oral feeding in the mother's breast. Also noteworthy is the speech therapy role in the multidisciplinary team for the evolution of these patients, which contributes to the development and evolution of the NB's swallowing and suction functions, whether Conclusions:The speech therapy role in the multidisciplinary team proves to be, in addition to being effective, very necessary, since the speech therapist is the professional responsible for the functional rehabilitation of the stomatognathic system. SNN stimulation and oromotor stimulation improve food readiness and oral feeding efficiency.