Indicação do parto cesáreo: revisão descritiva da literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Childbirth is the moment when the gestational period ends and the baby is born. Historically, births were performed by women who were called midwives, who accompanied women from the beginning of pregnancy to the puerperium. With the development in the field of medicine, in the 1930s, hospitals, clinics and maternity hospitals began to be seen as ideal and safe places to carry out births. With the evolution of surgical techniques with anesthesia and treatment for possible infections, cesarean section has become a safe procedure, it began to be performed in large proportion with the aim of saving the life of the mother and baby. OBJECTIVES: Raise indications for cesarean delivery. Check whether cesarean delivery has been a routine procedure. Identify which professionals participate in decision making when choosing the type of delivery. METHOD: This study is a descriptive literary review based on the BVS and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria were: original scientific articles published in full available online, in Portuguese, published from 2016 to 2021. Exclusion criteria were gray literature and editorials, duplication of articles, theses, dissertations, monographs , letters to the reader and incomplete studies. For data collection, a form was used, which was completed after detailed reading of the articles, focusing on author, year, location, population, study objective, methodology, main results and conclusion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: From the searches performed, 7128 articles were found, which, after careful analysis, only 19 remained, covering the topic, being 04 in the VHL and 15 in Google Scholar. Of the 19 articles selected, four described the indications for cesarean delivery, which were: acute fetal distress, iteractivity, hypertensive syndrome during pregnancy, premature rupture of the ovular membranes, presence of meconium, post-date, oligoamnios, dystocia, and breech presentation. As for the indication of cesarean delivery as a routine procedure, 9 articles described that in Brazil, vaginal delivery is still widely performed, however, cesarean delivery is still very performed, surpassing the average established by the World Health Organization (WHO). 6 of the articles analyzed, pointed out the factors that can influence the choice of the type of delivery, which were: no right of choice for the pregnant woman, that is, the doctor decides which will be the mode of delivery without exchanging information between the pregnant doctor; medical indication, in case of complications during prenatal care, such as fetal distress, breech presentation; and in cases of complications during the course of normal delivery. finally, the chance, in which complications can occur at the time of delivery. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study contributed to the knowledge of the various factors that influence the choice of the type of delivery, as well as its indications. Key Words: childbirth; Cesarean.