Gestação de primíparas: superando dificuldades e barreiras

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: During pregnancy, a woman goes through several changes in society, being accompanied by several feelings at the same time, such as accomplishment, fear, satisfaction, joy and insecurity. Motherhood makes mothers have to adapt to the needs of the newborn (NB), which can cause women to present some difficulties related to the necessary care provided to the baby. OBJECTIVES: To identify the main doubts and difficulties of primiparous mothers when providing care to the newborn; to know the needs of primiparous mothers regarding the first care of the newborn; identify the role of the nurse in the puerperium and in the care provided to the newborn. METHOD: Descriptive literature review study that included the following steps: Theme identification and guiding question of the research, inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature search, data collection, article analysis, discussion, results and conclusion. The search for articles took place in the databases of Academic Google (Google Scholar), SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and BDENF (Nursing Database), with the following descriptors: “Nursing Assistance”, “Puerperium” and “Newborn Born” separated by the Boolean operator “AND”. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: 8545 articles were found, 8500 in Google Scholar, 43 in SCIELO and 02 in BDENF. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles remained, being 06 in Google Scholar, 02 in SCIELO and 1 in BDENF. Of the 9 articles selected, only three address the difficulties of primiparous mothers when providing care to the newborn, which are: breastfeeding, care for the umbilical stump, handling the newborn's crying and colic. Three articles describe that the needs are related to the understanding of biological, emotional, cultural and social aspects, as well as the needs related to care for the NB and self-care. Three articles emphasize that the nurse must establish a bond with the mother during the gestational and postpartum period in order to meet her expectations; he must share knowledge, understanding the biological, social and emotional aspects of the primiparous mother; must help primiparous mothers to ensure successful breastfeeding, as well as prevent possible complications, ensuring the well-being of the mother and the newborn; The nurse must provide guidance on how to care for the breasts, correct attachment, sunbathing the NB, changing diapers and taking care of the umbilical stump. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study showed that it is necessary to invest in health education practices for mothers from prenatal to postnatal, especially educational practices related to the NB's daily life. Key Words: Nursing, Puerperium and Newborn Assistance