A inclusão da criança autista no contexto escolar: contribuições do Teacch, ABA e Dir-floortime

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by barriers to communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests. Among the points involved in treating an individual with ASD, in order to expand social development and communicative potential, it is suggested that these are in groups of typical children, at school as early as possible. However, receiving an atypical child in the school environment may require numerous adaptations and needs specialized support. Objective: To describe how the Teachch method, Applied Behavior Analysis and the DIR/Floortime model can contribute to the inclusion of students with ASD in the school environment. Method: Literature review of 22 articles in Scielo, Google Scholar, PubMed, CoDAS, Portal de Periódicos CAPES databases, published from 2003 to 2021. Results: The three aspects mentioned above promote the inclusion of children with ASD and consider the particularities of each child. The TEACCH program is highly structured that combines different visual materials to improve language, study and reduce inappropriate behaviors. ABA proposes behavioral skills teaching plan based on behavioral analysis applied in the natural environment, which is useful for development in the areas of communication, social interaction, academic skills and daily life. The DirFloortime model emphasizes family involvement and participation. “Family First” (family first) at the base of the intervention, as well as different treatment specialties (sensory integration), expression and integration in the educational structure. Final considerations: The inclusion of children with ASD provides not only invaluable learning for all students, and respect for differences, but the growth of the entire team responsible for the case. The relationship between the school and the multidisciplinary team is essential to gain access to the outlined strategies, together with family support.