Reflexões sobre a prática fonoaudiológica a partir das perspectivas comportamental, cognitivista e interacionista

Abstract

Introduction: The Speech-Language Pathologist of the language area is responsible for the prevention and rehabilitation of disorders that interfere in communication. From one or another theoretical assumption there is a demand for changes in the clinical framework, either at the method plan, either at the technique, which indicates that the process of clinical intervention is not done by regularity and/or homogeneity. Objective: To know the speech therapy practice and think about different forms of action with linguistic commitment through behavioral, cognitive and interactionist perspectives. Methods: Literature review about speech therapy act in behavioral, cognitive and interactionist approaches, with research conducted in databases such as Scielo, Capes Periodicals and ASHA Pubs with no date limit. 20 articles, 4 dissertations and 1 thesis were selected and added 1 book. Results: Behavioral theory can benefit speech therapy practices, since unwanted behaviors can be eliminated or decreased and, on the other hand, desirable behaviors can be reinforced and modeled. For cognitivism, it is from playful stimulation for the development of symbolism attainment that the acquired concepts will be linguistically encoded. And for the interactionist approach, the performance in speech therapy clinic has the dialogue as the foundation point of the entire therapeutic process. Discussion: The three approaches have very different foundations and despite the conceptual and methodological differences, all of them can achieve positive results in the evolution of the linguistic framework of children. It is essential to recognize the potentiality and beauty of each one and emphasize the importance of this knowledge for every student or professional of speech therapy, especially those who work with language in childhood. Conclusion: Speech therapy is not restricted to a single way of activity within the language clinic. That said, the approaches in this study have their differences, but common objectives: adapt language and improve communication. Although they do not follow the same line of thought, each way of acting on different linguistic complaints has its justifications and positive results.