Associação entre obesidade e câncer gástrico

Abstract

The objective of this research was to describe the association of the main factors related to the pathophysiology of obesity with the development of gastric cancer. Methods: This work constitutes a narrative bibliographic review. In this research, we used the virtual databases: Capes Periodicals, Virtual Health Library and Pubmed. 57 articles published in the period from 2005 to 2019 that included content compatible with the objectives of this study were included. Results: Obesity is among the fastest growing diseases in the world, treatment is inadequate and the associated disorders, including gastric cancer, have high morbidity and mortality. Obesity can affect the intestinal microbiota resulting in dysbiosis, through the interaction between nutritional, endocrine and metabolic factors, which contribute to activate a process of low-grade chronic inflammation leading to increased cell proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased cell apoptosis, culminating in in the development of gastric cancer. Thus, it is important to note that adipose tissue responds to the stimulation of extra nutrients via adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. With adipocyte hypertrophy, the adipose tissue becomes hypoperfused, which creates areas of microhypoxia, activating the nuclear transcription factor NFkB pathways, increasing the expression of genes involved in inflammation with greater release of cytokines. Thus, high levels of adiponectin and leptin, sex steroids, glucocorticoids, inflammatory mediators and insulin-like growth factors, can result in oxidative tissue stress and the neoplastic transformation of gastric cells. Conclusion: A greater understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-induced carcinogenesis is needed to develop more effective methods to prevent or treat gastric cancer. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms can lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets Additional studies on the mechanisms involved in gastric carcinogenesis are necessary, as this disease still has high rates of morbidity and mortality.