A importância da amamentação e as contribuições do enfermeiro educador em saúde

Abstract

Introduction. Breastfeeding (BF) is a natural bonding process between mother and child, and breast milk is the main source of food for newborns (NB) and infants and consists of essential nutrients for protection against infections, diarrhea, allergies, respiratory diseases, among other injuries. Infant growth and development significantly depend on the nutritional and immunological properties contained in breast milk (LIMA; NASCIMENTO; MARTINS, 2018). Studies show the low prevalence of BF at regional, national and global levels and highlight numerous factors that can influence this practice. Permanent monitoring and continued surveillance are essential for consolidating the promotion, protection and support of BF, so that child morbidity and mortality rates are reduced (SANTOS et al., 2019). The health educator nurse has a fundamental role in providing information about the importance of breastfeeding for the population. Goal. To describe the breastfeeding process and the contributions of the health educator nurse from the observational perspective of the nursing mother, through the development of Arco de Maguerez. Methodology. The study was based on the Methodology of Problematization with the Arch of Charles Maguerez, consisting of five stages: observation of reality; key points, theorization; solution hypotheses and the intervention/application in reality. Colombo; Berbel (2007) emphasizes that this methodology has asits main objective to transform reality to some extent. Results and discussion. The first stage of the Arco de Maguerez took place through the construction of the clinical case from the perspective of reality experienced during the process of childbirth and breastfeeding. Critical reflection on the case, for the survey and exploration of existing problems in the observed reality, made it possible to identify the problems, problematize them and extract one for study, which is the difficulty in breastfeeding due to failures in the health service and in the care of nursing provided to the puerperal woman. To carry out the second stage, a critical reflection on the study problem was carried out, and the possible factors and possible major or contextual determinants that gave rise to it were asked. The reflection allowed for a better and greater understanding of the complexity of the problem. The following key points were listed: breastfeeding difficulty; impaired nursing care; insufficient health education strategies; weakness in the organization of the health service; women's health care. To carry out the third stage of the Arch, the scientific foundation was based on studies published in the LILACS, BVS/BDENF databases. The Health Sciences/DeCS descriptors were used: breastfeeding; nursing care; health education, articulated by the Boolean operator AND. 51 articles were found. The filters established in the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and a total of 05 articles were definitively included, under which a critical, interpretive and analytical reflective reading was performed. It was found that breastfeeding is the most complete and best source of nutrients needed for the baby to grow up healthy and it is free. In addition to nourishing the baby, breast milk strengthens the affective bond between mother and child, protects the baby against various infections, drastically minimizing the occurrence of hospital admissions and infant morbidity and mortality. For the mother's health, there are also several positive factors, such as the fact that the act of breastfeeding decreases the chances of a possible breast, ovarian and uterine cancer, in addition to helping in uterine involution and postpartum weight loss (ROCHA et al., 2018). For Viana et al (2021), the nurse is considered the trained professional and it is recommended that he exercise with the woman in the postpartum pregnancy period, an educational approach on breastfeeding and its challenges. In the fourth stage, three solution hypotheses were raised, namely: a) production of an informative booklet on the main doubts arising from the breastfeeding process, especially aimed at postpartum women; b) Promotion of a special day, "D" day, in a municipal reference maternity hospital, for a mini-course on the importance and care of breastfeeding for mothers and the distribution of educational material and c) promotion of a thematic Live on the importance and care of breastfeeding for students in health care courses; health professionals, postpartum women and people with an interest in the subject to be held remotely, in a classroom provided by PUC Goiás, via the Teams platform. In the fifth and final stage, the selected hypothesis was applied, thematic Live, whose central focus included breastfeeding, support, types of nipples, correct attachment, myths about breastfeeding, milk composition, main doubts, difficulties, importance in the breastfeeding process , benefits for the health of women and children and the role of the health service and the nurse in this context of care. There was a wide participation of students, professors and people with an interest in the topic, with a total of 50 participants. The public's manifestations included several questions, such as: guidance on the use of medication and breastfeeding; better procedures to be adopted by the mother to promote safe weaning for the baby; alcohol use during breastfeeding and the relevance of the role of the health educator nurse. Final considerations. It was noted that health education processes have gaps in their execution, encompass the adoption of breastfeeding and are challenging for health teams and professionals and users in different realities and practice scenarios. Educational actions must be significant in the context of the health service and the professional nurse has a fundamental role in promoting and encouraging the adherence of nursing mothers to safe breastfeeding and aware of the countless benefits of this practice, for the mother and the baby.