Estratégias utilizadas por enfermeiros para redução de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde em queimaduras: estudo de revisão

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to talk about the prevention and treatment of infections related to health care in patients with burns, which is an injury triggered by a physical or chemical agent. These agents act on the tissue causing partial or total destruction of the skin and its adnexa, which can reach deep layers of the skin and form a large amount of necrotic tissue, which facilitates the development of infection. Objective: Describe the main strategies used by nurses to reduce infections Related to Health Care (IRAS) for burn patients, addressed in national publications in the last five years. Methodology: This is a narrative review study. The search was carried out in the following databases: PUBMED, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), International Literature on Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Results: Most articles mention the use of dressings in burn patients to prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms. Researchers reported different coverages depending on the degree of involvement of the injury, requiring specific knowledge of nurses in the area and continuous training for the specialized care of these patients. Discussion: According to the study, it is evident that health care-related infections occur because of poor hygiene conditions for the care of burns, this may be related to the patient's lack of knowledge to deal with the new health condition and the unpreparedness of the health professional in clinical practice, whether due to a deficit in permanent education or lack of frequent training on the subject, even due to the lack of institutional protocols. Conclusion: Although the use of dressings is effective, there is a need for adequate care for patients who are victims of burns, and for this, continuous training of the nursing staff is necessary.