Exposição ocupacional com material biológico: o que mudou com a implantação da norma regulamentadora nº 32

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational Accidents are incidents characterized as those that occur as a result of the performance of work, which can generate bodily injuries and impair the development of work activities. Health workers play a fundamental role in patient care, however, the way this activity is performed can put their health at risk. To minimize the risk of exposure to biological agents, national and international guidelines and regulatory bodies indicate the use of Standard Precautions, which according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is one of the essential measures for safety of the worker and that must be adopted by all who provide direct care to the patient. Objective: Evaluate the scenario of occupational accidents with biological materials among health professionals during the execution of their work activities after the implementation of NR-32 and the main prevention measures described in publications between 2006 and 2020. Methodology:This is an integrative literature review study on occupational exposure to biological material after NR-32. Data collection was carried out in August and September 2021, in the PUBMED, LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE and BDENF databases, with the following steps: 1. identification of the theme and selection of the hypothesis or research question; 2. establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies/sampling or literature search; 3. definition of information to be extracted from selected studies/ categorization of studies; 4. evaluation of included studies; 5. interpretation of results and 6. presentation of the review/synthesis of knowledge. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were used: health personnel, work accidents, occupational exposure and biological accidents, both accompanied by the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were original, national, complete and available online studies published in the last 15 years. Results: In this study, 14 articles were analyzed, identified from January 2006 to December 2020. The analysis was carried out by Brazilian regions, where the Southeast region was the region with the most Occupational Accidents with 129,409 exposures. The main reasons for the Occupational Accidents were the inappropriate disposal of sharps and the non-use of PPE or its inappropriate use. There was a predominance of females, 73.78%, and the professionals who suffered most from Occupational Accidents with biological materials were nursing technicians 31.12%, followed by nursing assistants, with an incidence of 14.14%. Discussion: Nursing technicians and assistants were the ones who suffered most from occupational accidents, this can be explained by the reason these professionals are most of their time involved in direct patient care. Thus, it is believed that Institutions should carry out training on a continuous basis. Conclusion: You Occupational Accidents continue to occur, even with the implementation of specific legislation in the country, as it was observed in most of the analyzed publications that occupational accidents continue to occur in Health Institutions in Brazil. The main cause of accidents with biological material were percutaneous exposures, mostly caused by needles with lumen, followed by blades/lancets 7% and needles without lumen 3%, with a predominance of females. making clear the need for greater investments in continuing and permanent education among health workers, and even greater demand in complying with the current standard.