Perfil de mortalidade por diabetes mellitus em Goiás, no período de 2010 a 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents a global epidemic and a major challenge for national health systems. Factors such as urbanization and industrialization, nutritional transition, greater frequency of sedentary lifestyle, greater frequency of overweight, increased overall life expectancy that predispose to the accumulation of body fat have contributed to the advancement of the DM epidemic across the country. world (MORAES et al., 2020; SBD, 2017). Objective: To describe the profile of mortality from Diabetes Mellitus, according to insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent categories, in the state of Goiás, from 2010 to 2019. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using data secondary data, obtained through the Mortality Information System - SIM, of the Unified Health System (SIM/SUS), from 2010 to 2019, in Goiás. The sample is composed of the number of deaths from Diabetes Mellitus that occurred in the State of Goiás, in the aforementioned period, notified in the (SIM/SUS). All cases of death due to Diabetes Mellitus, available in the Mortality Information System (SIM/SUS) with geographic coverage of the state of Goiás, from 2010 to 2019, were included in the study. including Deaths for Residence according to Federation units; Category ICD-10: E10 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, E11 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and cause - ICD-BR-10: 055 Diabetes mellitus. The variables studied were age, sex, marital status; education; color/race, and place of occurrence. Results and Discussion: The profile of deaths was obtained about age group variables; sex; marital status; education; color/race and place of occurrence, in the state of Goiás, from 2010 to 2019. In the period observed, a total of 3,019 deaths were recorded, and (73.3%) of these occurred in the age group over 60 years of age. It was observed that the highest incidence of deaths due to Diabetes Mellitus was in females (48.4%), married marital status (34.5%), education from 1 to 3 years (25.5%), brown color/race ( 44.9%), and it was found that the highest occurrence was in hospitals (64.5%). The results presented showed some characteristics of the pattern of mortality according to insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent categories. The increase in diabetes mortality rates during the aging process was expected, reflecting the increased prevalence of the disease and the risk of death. It was observed that the total number of deaths in the non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus category stood out in Brazil, with 66,122 cases (66.1%), and in Goiás, with 2,257 cases (75%). In this scenario, the findings corroborate the studies that indicate that one aspect to be considered is that non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus represents 90% to 95% of cases and is characterized by a complex and multifactorial etiology of a genetic and environmental nature. The authors highlighted, however, that this reality could be different, as this category corresponds to risk factors involved with human behavior and autonomy in the process of modifying habits that are harmful to health, such as irregular diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle and inadequate treatment (COSTA et al., 2017). It was noted that the implementation of actions performed by nurses in primary health care is essential, DM is a health problem considered a sensitive condition in primary care, and the indicators show that the good health domain of this health problem in primary care prevents hospitalizations and deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications (BORGES; LACERDA, 2018). Conclusion: The study of the mortality profile due to Diabetes Mellitus in Goiás, from 2010 to 2019, showed that this cause of mortality is an important public health problem in the state. It constitutes a challenge to be faced in the economic and social field, as the numbers revealed the highest incidence of deaths from the non-insulin-dependent type of Diabetes Mellitus, concentrated in the age group above 60 years (73.3%). According to the period studied, it was found that the prevalence of DM in Goiás (75%) and Brazil (66.1%) is of the non-insulin-dependent type of Diabetes Mellitus, and the annual distribution of deaths caused by DM had higher numbers notified in the year 2018 (16.5%) in the state of Goiás and Brazil in the year 2019 (15.9%). In Brazil, the Northeast Region had the highest death rates (30%) during the period 2010 to 2019. The results obtained can contribute to the field of public policies and in the direction of regulatory measures in the prevention and control of deaths resulting from DM and also support the planning of actions promoted by the health team. It can contribute to intensify existing actions, mitigate the growing mortality rate, and promote the quality of life for patients with Diabetes Mellitus.