Os mecanismos de cardiotoxicidade oriundos da terapia quimioterápica e imunoterápica

Abstract

Cardiotoxicity from antineoplastic therapy has been the subject of wide debate, has been defined since 2016 by the European Society of Cardiology and is directly related to changes in the Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LVEF). The aim of the study is to understand the pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity mechanisms arising from the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapeutic drugs from a narrative review of articles published in English and Portuguese in the last ten years. The results pointed to a series of toxic effects related to the cardiovascular system such as heart failure, myocardial dysfunction, extrasystoles, bradycardia ventricular dysfunction, hemorrhagic myocarditis, among others with predominance of the first two effects mentioned above. It is also noteworthy the inclusion in the work of the main risk factors related to the use of each of the drugs analyzed as well as the cardioprotective measures related to the specific use of a particular drug. It is concluded that the survival of cancer patients demands attention in the administration of these drugs, given the risks of undesirable effects on the cardiovascular system, which may imply an increase in morbidity and mortality and a reduction in the life expectancy of these patients during and/or after treatment. It is also pointed out that the beneficial effects of cardioprotective measures when included in the treatment of these patients greatly impact their quality of life.