Nacionalismo e as guerras de independência da Croácia e da Bósnia

Abstract

In this monograph work, the main objective is to analyze the relationship between State and Nation and its consequences for the Croatian and Bosnian Wars of Independence. This work will seek to understand the meaning of nation and nationalism through a broad theoretical approach, through bibliographical study. It will also be discussed, as a historical account, the processes that involved the region in the period after the First World War when the Yugoslav State emerged, until the Croatian and Bosnian Wars of Independence during the early 1990s, which resulted in the dissolution of the Yugoslav State. The work uses secondary sources, with a review of the bibliography on nation, nationalism, and the construction of Yugoslavia until the end of the 1980s. In the world historical context at the end of the 1980s, it was the United States and the Soviet Union towards the end of the war Cold, triggering the appearance of several internal conflicts in the countries, which had remained hidden, or silenced, in the face of the threat of a nuclear conflict. In the Balkan region, the context at the end of the 1980s was one of political instability and a resurgence of nationalist sentiment among the republics that formed the former Yugoslavia. Finally, in the early 1990s, nationalist policies on the part of the States used the nationalist discourse as a weapon, aiming, on the part of Croatia and Bosnia, for independence, and on the part of the Serbs, despite the speech expressing the intention to defend their people, sought the purification of the race, practicing ethnic cleansing until the NATO intervention in 1995 that resulted in the Dayton Agreement, ending the Wars.