Revisão de literatura: análise da resistência do homem aos serviços de atenção básica e as contribuições do enfermeiro

Abstract

Introduction: The insertion of men in Public Health Programs is still a very big challenge for Health Services. The main difficulties for men are not to admit and accept their vulnerabilities, as well as, not to appreciate the importance of health care. The vast majority of the male population seeks care only when they are affected by a serious illness, which causes an important concern with Men's Health by the Health Services. Objective: To discuss what the literature presents about the perception of male patients and nursing professionals. Understand the causes of man's resistance in attending the Primary Health Service, and the actions exercised by nurses in order to stimulate men's access to Primary Health Care Services. Method: The study is an integrative literature review, with a qualitative approach. Comprising the years 2000 to 2020. The survey of the content search took place between the months of March to September 2020, through the active search for articles indexed in the following databases: Scielo, BVS, Google Scholar, PubMed, Lilacs , Nursing Journals. For the analysis and structuring of the data, critical reviews were carried out, being grouped by categorization. Results: From the literature review and analysis of the selected studies, we found a total of 99 scientific articles, and 12 studies referring to health entities indexed in the electronic databases, about the proposed theme. Discussion: The categories of data analysis found in this study were: Hegemonic masculinity; Harm to Men's Health; The reasons for the low demand of men in Primary Health Care services; Emergency Health Services: gateway to the male population; inclusion of men in partner 's prenatal care; Nurses' perception of the presence and demands of men in Health Services; Nurses' actions to promote access of the male population to Health Services; Standardization of the Men's Health Program. Conclusion: We can see that, among the causes that covers the resistance of men to adherence, the actions of Health Services in Primary Care are based on hegemonic masculinity, where men idealize themselves as a strong, virile being, head of the family, unable to fall ill, thus demonstrating its vulnerability and fragility. Among other factors, we can highlight the delay to be attended, absence of diseases, fear of discovering serious illness, lack of welcome by health professionals, lack of time, incompatible schedules, impatience, shame to expose, lack of specialists and solving health needs and mainly. Given the above, the nurse plays an important role in the development of actions for the insertion of the male audience in PHC, highlighting the application of continuing education, aiming at the improvement and training of the whole team, the planning of strategies, programs and actions intending to health promotion and prevention. Emphasizing the importance of new studies on the theme of Man and Health, aiming at the improvement of ideas and knowledge of PNAISH, establishing a better understanding of the theme.