A propósito da Monarquia Universal: a crítica política nas obras de Dante Alighieri (séc. XIV)

Abstract

The present work analyzes the work The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, focusing especially on the political criticisms contained in his first book, Inferno. We analyze the infernal region from a perspective that is both cartographic and historiographical, perceiving both the elements that make up the infernal circles and the imaginary that populates them as well as the characters found there and the reasons that the author attributes to their condemnation. Bearing in mind that the characters are involved in the political and religious conflicts between Ghibellines and Guelphs in Florence of the 13th and 14th centuries of that period. For that, it is necessary to resort also to the philosophical treatises De Monarchia and The Convivio. In these works the Florentine poet and politician deepens the debate on the relationship between philosophy and theology, indicating politics as a means for man to contemplate full happiness. Furthermore, we approach the poet's view of the relationship between spiritual and temporal powers, inspired by the Roman Empire as an ideal model of government and paradigm for the establishment of a Universal Monarchy.