Impactos dos níveis de vitamina D sobre os auto anticorpos de pacientes com doença de Hashimoto

Abstract

Abstract: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common form of autoimmune thyroid disease and is characterized by the progressive destruction of thyroid follicular cells, frequently leading to hypothyroidism. In recent years, vitamin D has been extensively investigated due to its immunomodulatory role and its possible relationship with the autoimmune activity of the disease. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of serum vitamin D levels on thyroid autoantibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, especially the anti-TPO antibody, as well as to investigate its relationship with alterations in thyroid function. This is a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using articles published between 2016 and 2026 in the PUBMED database. Thirteen studies were selected after eligibility criteria. The results demonstrated that most studies identified a trend of negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid autoantibody titers, mainly anti-TPO and anti-TG, suggesting a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and increased autoimmune activity. Some studies also observed a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hormonal changes consistent with greater impairment of thyroid function, such as elevated TSH and reduced levels of FT3 and FT4. However, some studies did not find statistically significant associations, highlighting discrepancies in the scientific literature. It is concluded that vitamin D may play a relevant role in the pathophysiology and immunological modulation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, although 2prospective and methodologically standardized studies are still needed to clarify its reais influence on the disease and the potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin supplementation.

Keywords: Hashimoto's thyroiditis; vitamin D; hypothyroidism; anti-TPO; thyroid autoantibodies; autoimmune diseases.