Agonistas dos receptores de GLP-1 e GIP no tratamento da obesidade: um estudo de revisão

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, requiring effective and sustainable therapeutic strategies. In this context, GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists have emerged as promising alternatives for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of these drugs through a narrative literature review. Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed database, including studies published between 2022 and 2026, such as clinical trials, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines. Eight studies were selected, totaling approximately 7,400 participants with obesity, overweight, and associated metabolic disorders. Results: GLP-1 agonists, such as liraglutide and semaglutide, promoted significant reductions in body weight, as well as improvements in glycemic control and lipid profile. Dual GLP-1 and GIP agonists, especially tirzepatide, showed greater efficacy in weight loss and metabolic parameters. Discussion: The studies demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with predominantly mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse effects. However, the need for long-term studies to evaluate the maintenance of outcomes and the sustained safety of these therapies is emphasized. Conclusion: GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists represent an effective and safe strategy for obesity management, with potential to improve cardiometabolic outcomes.