Atuação fonoaudiológica na disfagia pós-acidente vascular cerebral: revisão bibliográfica sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review to analyze speech-language pathology intervention in post-stroke dysphagia, aiming to map the profile of these disorders and the fundamental strategies to ensure safe and effective swallowing in the long term. Methods: The study was conducted as a systematic review of articles published over the last 10 years (2015 to 2025) and indexed in the SCIELO, LILACS, PUBMED, and Virtual Health Library (BVS) scientific databases. The search terms used were: Dysphagia, Stroke, Sequelae, Speech Therapy. The results were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The analysis of the selected scientific literature reveals that neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia stands out as one of the most frequent and complex sequelae in the acute phase of Stroke. Early diagnosis and proper food consistency management significantly reduce the rates of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration. Traditional behavioral maneuvers remain the therapeutic pillar with the highest level of recommendation; however, the incorporation of adjuvant technological resources such as pressure biofeedback, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and photobiomodulation has proven effective in accelerating strength gains. Conclusion: The data gathered in this literature review demonstrate that speech therapy intervention in post-Stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia is an essential component for patient survival and functional recovery. The study identifies a critical bottleneck in the healthcare network: the discontinuity of care after hospital discharge due to the lack of preparation among family health teams. Therefore, it is imperative to implement permanent education actions in primary care and to structure efficient reference and counter-reference flows.