Levantamento sociodemográfico dos casos de intoxicação por antidepressivos notificados pelo CIATox – DF de 2019 a 2024

Abstract

Medication poisoning represents an important public health issue, with antidepressants frequently involved in these events, especially in cases related to suicide attempts. The present study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients intoxicated by antidepressants reported to the Toxicological Information and Assistance Center of the Federal District (CIATOX-DF) between 2019 and 2024. This is an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative study conducted through the analysis of secondary data obtained from notifications registered by CIATOX-DF. Sociodemographic variables, circumstances of intoxication, active pharmaceutical ingredients involved, and clinical outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total of 751 cases of antidepressant intoxication were identified, corresponding to 11.24% of the reported medication poisonings. A predominance of female patients (69%) and a higher frequency among adolescents and young adults, especially those aged between 10 and 29 years, were observed. The main associated circumstance was suicide attempt, accounting for 76.03% of the notifications. Among the antidepressants involved, fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram, belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, were the most frequently identified. It was concluded that the epidemiological profile of antidepressant intoxications reported by CIATOX-DF was predominantly characterized by women, adolescents, and young adults, with a predominance of poisonings related to suicide attempts. These findings reinforce the importance of strengthening toxicological surveillance actions, mental health prevention strategies, and the promotion of the rational use of medications.