Intoxicações por Anti-inflamatórios Não Esteroides (AINEs) no Distrito Federal: Análise dos casos notificados ao CIATOX-DF (2019-2024)

Abstract

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used medications in Brazil and rank among the main agents involved in drug poisoning, a situation aggravated by their broad over-the-counter availability and the prevailing culture of self-medication. Objective: To analyze cases of NSAID poisoning reported to the Toxicological Information and Assistance Center of the Federal District (CIATOX-DF) between 2019 and 2024, describing the sociodemographic profile, exposure circumstances, agents involved, and identifying epidemiological patterns through multivariate analysis. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative epidemiological study based on CIATOX-DF records from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2024. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: A total of 17,113 poisoning cases were identified during the period, of which 6,677 (39.02%) were drug-related and 929 (5.43% of total cases and 13.91% of drug-related poisonings) involved NSAIDs. A female predominance was observed (51.78%), with concentration in the under-5 age group (36.0%) and the 13–30 age group (45.8%). Suicide attempt was the most prevalent circumstance (46.29%), followed by accidental poisoning (43.92%). Paracetamol was the leading agent involved (36.7%), followed by dipyrone in all its forms (15.9%) and ibuprofen (13.7%). Multivariate analysis identified three distinct epidemiological clusters: one with high data incompleteness and an accidental domestic profile (17.65%); one geographically concentrated in Valparaíso de Goiás and linked to the Santa Maria Regional Hospital (2.91%); and one characterized by intentional poisonings among adolescents and young women in the Federal District (79.44%). Conclusion: NSAID poisonings constitute a relevant public health problem in the Federal District, with two predominant epidemiological profiles, pediatric accidental and intentional in young women, which require differentiated strategies for prevention, surveillance, and health education, with emphasis on the rational use of medications, child protection against accidental exposures, and the strengthening of mental health actions targeting adolescents and young adults.