O uso de Cannabis no tratamento do transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) e do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH): Uma Revisão da Literatura

Abstract

Neurodiversity encompasses different ways the brain functions, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which involve alterations in communication, behavior, attention, and impulsivity. Since traditional treatments can have adverse effects, there has been growing interest in other approaches, such as the use of cannabinoids—especially cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—which act on the endocannabinoid system and influence functions such as sleep, social behavior, and stress response. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids (CBD and THC) in the treatment of ASD and ADHD. Methodology: This is a systematic literature review, conducted using 7 clinical trial articles published in databases such as SciELO, PubMed Central, Capes Journals, Science Direct Embase, and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as articles published between 2020 and 2025, of the clinical trial type, in Portuguese and English, addressing the use of cannabis in the treatment of ASD and ADHD. Results: The analyzed studies indicate that the use of cannabinoids, mainly CBD, may be associated with the improvement of symptoms such as anxiety, sleep disturbances, irritability, and difficulties in social interaction, especially in individuals with ASD. In ADHD, the findings are still limited, but suggest possible benefits. A great methodological heterogeneity was observed among the analyzed studies, making it difficult to reach a definitive conclusion. Conclusion: Cannabinoids show potential as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of ASD and ADHD; despite promising results, further studies are still needed to ensure the safety, efficacy, and standardization of the use of these substances.