Uso da cannabis medicinal no tratamento da fibromialgia: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, frequently associated with fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive and emotional impairments, with a higher prevalence among women. Its pathophysiology is related to alterations in central pain processing, which contributes to diagnostic challenges and limitations in the effectiveness of currently available therapeutic approaches. In this context, medical cannabis has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative due to the action of its main compounds, such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), on the endocannabinoid system, modulating pain perception and other associated symptoms. This study aimed to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the efficacy and safety of medical cannabis in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews were included, selected from relevant scientific databases according to previously established criteria. The findings indicate that medical cannabis may contribute to chronic pain reduction, improved sleep quality, and additional benefits such as decreased anxiety and enhanced quality of life. However, heterogeneity among studies was observed, particularly regarding dosages, formulations, and methodological designs, in addition to the occurrence of adverse effects, which were generally mild to moderate. In conclusion, medical cannabis demonstrates therapeutic potential in the management of fibromyalgia; however, more robust and standardized studies are still needed to establish stronger evidence regarding its long-term efficacy and safety.