Da aprovação à execução: manual prático de construção de habitação popular financiada.

Abstract

This study addresses housing financing aimed at the construction of a single-family residence, within the context of the Brazilian housing deficit and public housing access policies, with emphasis on the Minha Casa Minha Vida program and on the technical, documental, and operational stages required by financial institutions. The objective is to analyze, in a practical manner, the stages of financing in the building lot and construction modality, in which the applicant already owns or intends to acquire the building lot together with the construction. The adopted methodology is characterized as applied research of a descriptive nature, developed through a case study, in which the entire execution process of a financed construction was monitored, from credit approval to the completion and regularization of the property. For this purpose, technical documents such as architectural and complementary projects, descriptive memorial, budget spreadsheet, physical-financial schedule (PCI), and service measurement sheets (PLS) were used. The results demonstrate that financing in this modality involves strict technical and financial control, with progressive release of funds according to the physical progress of the construction, as well as inspections at strategic stages, such as at 30% and 90% of execution. It is also observed that tools such as PCI and PLS are essential for monitoring the construction, promoting transparency and efficiency in the use of resources. Finally, the importance of property regularization through the issuance of the occupancy permit and the registration of the construction is highlighted, as these are essential steps for the final release of funds and legal security of the project. It is concluded that housing financing in the land and construction modality, especially within the Minha Casa Minha Vida program, represents a viable alternative to reduce the housing deficit, provided that proper technical planning, professional supervision, and compliance with legal and institutional requirements are ensured.