Suplementação de probióticos no Transtorno do Espectro Autista: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Individuals with ASD often exhibit selective eating, nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in the gut microbiota. In this context, probiotics emerge as a promising alternative because they modulate the microbiota, reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, and influence the gut-brain axis. Thus, this study aims to review evidence on the effects of probiotic supplementation on behavior, and gastrointestinal symptoms in ASD. Method: The review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, covering a 15-year period. The selection followed the PICOS strategy and PRISMA protocol, including quality analysis by metrics related to the impact factor and the Jadad Scale. Results: Sixteen studies were included, with 808 participants aged 1 year and 6 months to 45 years, predominantly male. Most studies used multiple probiotic strains, with varying doses and durations. The reviewed studies show that probiotics have a promising role in the management of ASD, acting on behavioral and social improvements, such as speech, communication, and hyperactivity, in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, and in the reduction of inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains stood out as the most effective, with benefits observed after 12 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Early administration may enhance the effects, suggesting a positive impact on neurological and behavioral development. Thus, probiotics appear to be a relevant complementary therapeutic strategy, reinforcing the need for further studies to define doses, duration, and clinical applicability.