O uso de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico para análise de estruturas nobres na reabilitação de maxila posterior

Abstract

Oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants in the posterior maxilla presents significant clinical challenges due to the presence of critical anatomical structures such as the maxillary sinus, nasal fossa, and zygomatic-alveolar crest. Anatomical variability and sinus pneumatization, combined with vertical bone loss, require highly accurate surgical planning. In this context, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become an essential tool in diagnostic imaging for implant dentistry, enabling detailed three-dimensional evaluation of bone structures and identification of the relationship between the implant site and adjacent anatomy. This study aims to analyze, through a literature review, the contribution of CBCT in assessing the relationship between dental implants and anatomical structures in posterior maxillary rehabilitations. Recent scientific articles indexed in academic databases were selected, with emphasis on the clinical applicability of CBCT and its role in preventing surgical complications. The findings demonstrate that CBCT significantly enhances treatment safety, predictability, and customization, particularly in identifying sinus septa, bone wall thickness, residual bone height, and anatomical variations. It is concluded that the careful use of CBCT is indispensable for planning implant-supported rehabilitations in the posterior maxilla, contributing to improved clinical outcomes and reduced incidence of complications.