Sustentabilidade ambiental dos motores aeronáuticos

Abstract

The article investigated the environmental sustainability of aeronautical engines, addressing the subject from the creation of the first engines, to the new technologies used and used on a large scale. The first records of an aeronautical engine took place in 120 B.C., the first record of a turbine engine being in 1629. Years later in 1794, a conventional internal combustion engine design was patented, beginning the great successful aircraft engines today. Several types of engines have been created until today, the main one being the jet engine that was the focus of this work, exposing its main problems and pollutants sought. Of the jet engines, we present the latest version, which is the turbofan engine, the most used worldwide and we analyzed it for environmental impact. Manufacturers devised ways to reduce the weight of engines, increase their efficiency and achieve fuel consumption, in addition to adding specific materials that aim to reduce noise. In addition, it was exposed to the use of biofuels from physic nut, which help to reduce pollutants generated by the engine. In the general context, PBN navigation was presented, as a navigation method that redesigns the routes, inherent to fuel economy. And, for the future, the new concept ZeroE, from the manufacturer Airbus, was researched, in which the aircraft that soon will be powered by hydrogen were designed. This research uses the scientific inductive method, in which the researcher started from the observation of specific situations, through bibliographic research, to obtain free, allowing a better understanding of the dynamics of the presented study. Many authors sad that aviation will be more sustainable due to existing technologies, and as that are yet to come. As a suggestion, it indicates a need for further studies, in the Airbus ZeroE Project, for the use of hydrogen as part of the fuel for the manufacturer's aircraft, thus contributing to the environment in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2).