O papel do enfermeiro na prevenção de complicações obstétricas

Abstract

Pregnancy is a period marked by physiological and psychological changes that can pose risks to both the mother and the fetus. Prenatal care is essential for early identification of these risks and for preventing complications such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive syndromes, contributing to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. In this context, the nurse plays a fundamental role in primary care, conducting consultations, examinations, and guidance that ensure comprehensive and humane care. Objective: to analyze the preventive measures adopted by the nurse during prenatal care to avoid complications during childbirth, describing their role during this follow-up and citing the main preventive strategies. Method: integrative review, a method that allows the gathering and analysis of scientific evidence on nursing practices. The research used descriptors such as “prenatal,” “Nursing,” and “pregnant women” in an advanced search on the BVS, applying filters for the Portuguese language, covering the last three years, and full-text articles. Free articles published in the last five years that addressed the nurse's role were included, excluding studies related to other professionals. After screening, 15 articles made up the final sample. Results: the nurse's role is decisive for adherence to prenatal care and the prevention of complications. Among the most cited strategies are the active search for pregnant women and early initiation of follow-up, rigorous monitoring of vital signs and tests to detect risks such as hypertension and diabetes, as well as health education focused on self-care and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. The importance of immediate referral to specialized services in cases of high-risk pregnancy according to current protocols was also highlighted, as well as the use of complementary practices, such as mindfulness, to promote physical and mental well-being. The literature shows that these actions help reduce complications, strengthen the bond between professional and patient, and ensure a safer and more humanized childbirth.