Benefícios do GLS e os desafios de sua implementação no Brasil

Abstract

Civil aviation is undergoing a modernization process based on the concept of Performance-Based Navigation (PBN), a context in which the GBAS Landing System (GLS) emerges as a technological evolution for the approach and landing phases. However, the implementation of this system in Brazil faces a critical technical problem: the country's location in a low-latitude region, subject to ionospheric irregularities that compromise the integrity of the GNSS signal, in addition to questions about the economic viability of ultra-precision systems in the face of local climatology. This study is justified by the need to optimize airport infrastructure, aiming at reducing maintenance costs, improving fuel efficiency, and mitigating environmental impacts. The main objective was to analyze the feasibility of adopting GLS in the Brazilian scenario, investigating its operational benefits in contrast to the technical and institutional challenges. To this end, a qualitative methodology of bibliographic and documentary review was adopted. The results indicate that GLS surpasses Instrument Landing System (ILS) due to its centralized architecture, capable of serving all runways of an aerodrome with a single station. It is concluded that Category I GLS operation is feasible in Brazil through the use of regional ionospheric threat models, while achieving higher categories depends on hybrid strategies, such as the use of multiple constellations, requiring regulatory adaptations and assertive investments.