Contribuições da consulta de enfermagem para prevenção e controle de agravos cardiovasculares na atenção primária à saúde.

Abstract

This study focuses on the contributions of nursing consultations to the prevention of cardiovascular complications in adults and older adults with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension in Primary Health Care (PHC). Problem: Given the high prevalence of these chronic diseases and their complications, the guiding question of this research is: what does the scientific literature indicate about the role of nursing consultations in preventing cardiovascular complications in individuals with hypertension and diabetes within PHC? Objectives: The general objective of this study is to analyze scientific publications on nursing practice in the prevention of cardiovascular complications among users with diabetes and hypertension in PHC. The specific objectives include identifying the contributions of nursing consultations described in the literature; describing practices and strategies used by nurses in the follow-up of these patients; and relating how these actions support the prevention of cardiovascular complications. Method: This is a literature review study, exploratory and descriptive in nature, with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using descriptors related to nursing, primary health care, hypertension, and diabetes. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were selected for the final sample. Data were organized through thematic categorization. Results: The analysis identified four main categories: Health education and literacy; Nursing consultation as a structured clinical practice; Care technologies and innovation in follow-up; and Multiprofessional interventions and care management. The studies show that nursing consultations strengthen self-care, improve blood pressure and glycemic control, increase treatment adherence, facilitate early risk detection, and directly contribute to preventing cardiovascular complications. Conclusion: It is concluded that nursing consultations play an essential role in PHC by providing comprehensive and continuous care to individuals with hypertension and diabetes. Educational actions, systematic follow-up, the use of care technologies, and multiprofessional collaboration strengthen the prevention of cardiovascular complications and improve users’ quality of life.