Caracterização físico-hídrica da área de policultivo de fruteiras nativas do cerrado goiano

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the physical and hydraulic properties of soil in an area of pasture converted into polyculture with native fruit species of the Cerrado biome. Soil penetration resistance, gravimetric moisture, bulk density, porosity, and water infiltration rate were evaluated. Sampling was conducted at five points at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm using an impact penetrometer, volumetric rings, and double-ring infiltration tests. Results indicated a significant difference in penetration resistance between layers, with mean values of 2.23 MPa (0–20 cm) and 3.54 MPa (20–40 cm), exceeding the critical threshold of 2 MPa but still compatible with conservation management practices. Bulk density remained around 1.39 g/cm³, and effective porosity near 0.42 cm³/cm³, with no significant differences between depths. The infiltration rate showed high variability (32.4 to 180 mm/h), with an average of 91.90 mm/h and a coefficient of variation of 83.42%, reflecting structural heterogeneity and the presence of biopores. It is concluded that polyculture contributes to maintaining soil physical quality, although attention should be given to subsurface compaction. The adoption of conservation practices, such as localized subsoiling and the use of species with taproots, is recommended to mitigate compaction effects and improve infiltration.