Treinamento muscular respiratório na Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a condition in which the airway is continuously blocked due to relaxation of the pharyngeal tissues and the base of the tongue, limiting the amount of air reaching the lungs during sleep. This obstruction leads to choking sounds, restless sleep, and sweating as the individual attempts to breathe. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT) on apnea and hypopnea symptoms, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness in individuals with OSAS. Methodology: This is an Integrative Literature Review, using experimental studies from the last 10 years. The databases selected for article searches were the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS)/interface and the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed). The search terms were selected from the Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), combined using the Boolean operators OR and AND as follows: (obstructive sleep apnea) AND (respiratory exercises OR respiratory muscle training); (apnéia obstrutiva do sono) AND (exercícios respiratórios OR treinamento muscular respiratório); (Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño) AND (Ejercicios Respiratorios OR Respiratory Muscle Training). The electronic search resulted in 36 studies, of which only 5 met the inclusion criteria. The manual search added 2 additional studies, totaling 6 works included in the review. Results: RMT was associated with a reduction in the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in 4 studies, and with improvements in sleep quality scores in 5 studies and daytime sleepiness in 3 studies. Additionally, one study indicated that when RMT is combined with CPAP, it enhances the reduction in OSAS severity and amplifies benefits across different respiratory outcomes. Conclusion: RMT may promote significant benefits in sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and respiratory function in patients with OSAS, contributing to a broader and more individualized therapeutic approach.