Associação entre síndrome metabólica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 seus fatores de risco

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from changes in insulin production and/or action. Type 1 DM has an autoimmune origin, while type 2 is related to insulin resistance and risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) worsens the clinical condition and is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to address the pathophysiological aspects, risk factors and prevention strategies of DM and MS. The research was conducted through a bibliographic review, selecting articles published between 2020 and 2025, available in full text and written in Portuguese. Databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar were used, resulting in 18 relevant articles that supported the discussion. Metabolic Syndrome, characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, shares pathophysiological mechanisms with type 2 DM. Studies show that physical activity and a balanced diet are effective in preventing and controlling these conditions, reducing complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. The analysis of the articles revealed a strong correlation between metabolic syndrome and type 2 DM, with significant prevalence in different populations. Lifestyle-based interventions showed positive impacts on metabolic indicators, especially in reducing abdominal fat and improving insulin sensitivity. Functional foods also stood out as allies in the prevention of type 2 DM. The management of DM and MS requires a multidisciplinary approach focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and the promotion of healthy habits. Regular physical activity, nutritional education, and the consumption of functional foods are effective strategies to reduce risks and improve patients’ quality of life.