Perícia criminal e genética Forense: associação do local do crime ao banco de dados de perfil genético.

Abstract

Crime represents a persistent challenge for society and demands effective responses from the justice system. Crime, defined as conduct contrary to the legal system, manifests itself most seriously in crimes against life, which compromise not only the victims but also social equilibrium. In this context, the role of the forensic expert is crucial, especially in the analysis of crime scenes, whose preservation and proper analysis allow for the reconstruction of the dynamics of the events and the collection of relevant evidence. The reliability of this evidence depends on the correct application of the chain of custody, a procedure that ensures the traceability of evidence from collection to its presentation in court. At the same time, technological advances have consolidated new investigative tools, including the National Genetic Profile Bank, formalized by Decree No. 7,950 of March 12, 2013. This instrument has expanded the possibilities for identifying crime perpetrators, excluding the innocent, and assisting in cases of missing persons, establishing itself as a fundamental resource of forensic biology. Currently, Brazil has integrated laboratories in different states and participates in international initiatives, such as Interpol, allowing for the exchange of genetic information and strengthening the fight against transnational crime. Thus, it can be observed that the integration of science, technology, and legal practices has contributed to greater investigative efficiency, reinforcing the protection of fundamental rights and promoting significant advancements in the pursuit of justice.