Comparação dos atributos químicos do solo em áreas de cultivo com diferente histórico de manejo e em mata nativa

Abstract

Soil fertility is influenced by factors such as land use, management practices, and soil profile depth. This study aimed to compare chemical attributes of the soil in agricultural areas with different management histories and in a native Cerrado vegetation area, located in Goiânia – GO, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four treatments (types of land use) and two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm), totaling 40 sampling units. The following variables were evaluated: pH, organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al³⁺), potential acidity (H⁺+Al³⁺), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V%), and the ratio between cations and CEC (Ca/T, Mg/T, K/T, H⁺+Al/T). The results showed that the area previously used for cattle confinement and currently cultivated with soybean and millet (T3) presented the best fertility indicators, reflecting the accumulation of organic matter and nutrients. The native vegetation area (T4) showed higher acidity and Al³⁺ levels, with low base saturation, typical of Latosols under Cerrado. Phosphorus levels were high in the cultivated areas, especially in T2 and T3, which may pose a risk of environmental contamination due to P surplus. In general, areas under no-tillage and with cover crops showed better soil chemical conditions, particularly in the surface layer.