PREVALÊNCIA DE IST POR PCR EM MULHERES BRASILEIRAS NOS ÚLTIMOS 25 ANOS

Abstract

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Brazilian women over the last 25 years. The aim was to analyze the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp., and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, highlighting their impacts on female reproductive health. This is a narrative literature review carried out between January 2024 and March 2025, with searches in the following scientific databases: PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, and LILACS. The selection of studies adhered rigorous methodological criteria, totaling 36 articles. The theoretical approach was based on the epidemiological and microbiological analysis of STIs. The results revealed a high prevalence of Ureaplasma spp. (average of 53.1%), followed by Mycoplasma spp. (10.2%), Chlamydia trachomatis (9.87%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (3.93%). Significant regional variation and association with factors such as age, socioeconomic conditions and sexual practices were observed. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to expand screening using the PCR methodology for timely diagnosis and implementation of specific public policies for the prevention and control of these infections, especially among young and vulnerable populations.