Uso das estatinas em gestantes: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-related condition associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. Its pathogenesis involves endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and an imbalance in angiogenic factors. Given the limited availability of effective treatments—especially for severe and early-onset cases—there is increasing interest in pharmacological strategies targeting these underlying mechanisms. Statins, widely prescribed for managing lipid disorders, have drawn attention for their additional anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-angiogenic properties. This study explored the current evidence regarding the safety of statin use during pregnancy. In experimental models, pravastatin showed favorable outcomes, including blood pressure reduction, vascular function improvement, and protection against renal and placental injury, along with an acceptable safety profile. In contrast, findings related to rosuvastatin were more variable, with some data indicating possible adverse effects on fetal development. Clinical studies in humans also suggest that pravastatin may lower the incidence of preeclampsia and preterm birth, improve neonatal outcomes, and present a low risk of adverse effects. Although a definitive consensus is still lacking, available data highlight pravastatin as a potentially safe therapeutic option for high-risk pregnancies, warranting further investigation to confirm its safety.