Muito além da decadência: um estudo comparativo sobre as transformações em sociedades pós-mineradoras do estado de Goiás com ênfase no arraial de Ouro Fino

Abstract

This work analyzes the sociocultural and spatial transformations in former mining settlements in the state of Goiás, focusing on the Arraial de Ouro Fino. The research critically addresses the concept of “decay,” which has often been broadly applied to these sites following the decline of gold mining activities in the 18th and 19th centuries. Through an archaeological and historiographical approach, the study aims to understand how these communities reorganized themselves in the face of economic downturn, revealing patterns of continuity, resistance, and reinterpretation that go beyond the notion of collapse. The investigation is based on data from archaeological excavations at the Ouro Fino site, combined with the analysis of historical documents, travelers’ accounts, and interpretations by both classical and contemporary authors. Drawing on Mining Archaeology, with emphasis on material and population dimensions, the findings, such as ruins, ceramic artifacts, and religious structures, are interpreted as evidence of adaptation and persistence. The study also includes a comparison with the settlements of Pilar, Ferreiro, and Santa Rita, identifying common patterns and unique trajectories in terms of occupation, depopulation, and economic transition. The analysis shows that, despite facing a decline in productivity, many of these sites retained symbolic, social, and territorial relevance. The work argues that the concept of decadence should be re-evaluated in light of material evidence and regional historiography, emphasizing the perspectives and experiences of Goiás’ local populations. Thus, it proposes a more nuanced interpretation of regional history, recognizing post-mining settlements as living and multifaceted cultural landscapes.