O surgimento do Estado Islâmico (2013): estrutura de poder, valores ideológicos e respostas internacionais

Abstract

This study analyzes the emergence and expansion of the Islamic State (IS) from 2013 onward, examining its power structure, ideological foundations, and the response of the international community to its rise. Employing a qualitative approach based on bibliographic review and case study analysis, the research incorporates theoretical perspectives from International Relations, specifically constructivism, emphasizing the role of beliefs, identities, and narratives in extremist radicalization. Initially, the historical and social conditions facilitating IS’s growth are discussed, highlighting the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Syrian crisis beginning in 2011, sectarian tensions, and the collapse of state institutions in the region. Subsequently, the paper details the group's organizational structure, including its hierarchy, methods of territorial and social control, illicit financing activities, and ideological propaganda. Finally, it critically examines international responses, emphasizing the limitations of strategies predominantly based on military force and underscoring the necessity of broader approaches involving institutional reconstruction, social inclusion, and effective counter-radicalization measures. The findings indicate that, despite territorial losses between 2017 and 2019, the Islamic State continues to represent a persistent ideological threat to global security.