Tráfico internacional de pessoas no pós-pandemia: análise comparativa Brasil- Portugal das vulnerabilidades econômicas e jurídicas

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze international human trafficking in the contexts of Brazil and Portugal during the post-Covid-19 pandemic period. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on literature review and comparative analysis. Sources consulted for the review include official documents and reports, such as those from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Observatory on Trafficking in Human Beings (OTSH), as well as socioeconomic data from institutions like the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The comparison between the Brazilian and Portuguese cases is based on economic and legal variables, through which indicators such as poverty, unemployment, legislation, and institutional capacity are assessed. In Brazil, the deterioration of socioeconomic conditions caused by the health crises, combined with a lack of institutional coordination among relevant agencies, increased the exposure of vulnerable groups to human trafficking. In Portugal, economic downturn, particularly in tourist regions, along with rising unemployment and decreased detection of trafficking, led to increased vulnerability of citizens to this type of crime. It is concluded that, between 2020 and 2025, the pandemic worsened both socioeconomic and legal vulnerabilities in both countries, though resulting in distinct dynamic in the incidence and response to trafficking.