PRÁXIS FARMACÊUTICAS EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to explore the role of pharmacists in palliative care, highlighting their clinical importance in promoting quality of life for patients facing the end of life. An exploratory literature review analyzed fundamental concepts, historical evolution, public policies, pharmacotherapeutic protocols and successful experiences of pharmaceutical practice in the context of palliative care. The purpose of palliative care is to relieve the suffering of people with terminal illnesses that threaten the continuity of life, through a multidimensional approach that involves physical, emotional, social and spiritual aspects. The National Palliative Care Policy (PNCP), Ordinance GM/Ms Nº. 3,681, of May 7, 2024, represents a significant step forward in implementing palliative care within the scope of the Unified Health System (SUS), by amending Ordinance GM/MS Nº. 2, of September 28, 2017, with the aim of expanding the provision of palliative care. These advances guarantee an increase in the number of multi-professional teams that care for patients and include professionals from different areas in order to promote multidimensional care. However, the effective inclusion of pharmacists is still subject to local need and availability, which can limit their full participation in care actions. The role of pharmacists in palliative care goes beyond the simple dispensing of medicines, encompassing clinical monitoring of the patient, evaluation of pharmacotherapy, prevention of drug interactions and adverse reactions, as well as individualized adjustments to therapeutic regimens. The rational management of medicines, especially opioids, is one of the pillars of palliative pharmaceutical practice and is essential for the effective control of pain and other symptoms that affect patients' quality of life. Even so, the use of opioids faces regulatory and social barriers, such as the fear of addiction and the stigma associated with these substances, requiring the pharmacist to be sensitive, have technical knowledge and act in an educational capacity with the team, the patient and their family. The study also addresses the importance of specific training for pharmacists to work in palliative care, highlighting the need for training in clinical, ethical and humanitarian aspects. The presence of pharmacists in palliative care teams contributes directly to patient safety, the personalization of treatment and the strengthening of person-centred care. Successful experiences in institutions such as the National Cancer Institute (INCA) and regional initiatives such as the Goiânia Compassiva project show the positive impact of the qualified inclusion of pharmacists in palliative care. The conclusion is that strengthening pharmaceutical praxis in palliative care requires inclusive public policies, investment in professional training and recognition of the pharmacist's role as an essential therapeutic and human agent in relieving suffering and promoting dignity in the dying process.