Uso do peeling de fenol no rejuvenescimento facial: indicações, contraindicações e intercorrências

Abstract

Introduction: Skin aging is a natural process marked by changes such as wrinkles, sagging, spots, and loss of elasticity. Various aesthetic treatments have been developed to combat these signs, among which phenol peeling stands out as one of the most effective techniques for deep facial rejuvenation. Phenol is an organic chemical compound that exerts a caustic tissue action, capable of promoting intense skin peeling, stimulating cell regeneration and collagen production. Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the use of phenol peeling in facial rejuvenation, highlighting its indications, contraindications, and possible complications. A narrative bibliographic review was conducted using publications from 2010 to 2024 in electronic databases. Results: The reviewed studies demonstrate that phenol peeling is indicated and highly effective in treating deep wrinkles, acne scars, and spots caused by photoaging. Patients who undergo the procedure report significant improvement in skin texture. The literature highlights important contraindications, such as performing the procedure on patients with higher skin phototypes (IV to VI) due to the risk of pigmentary changes. Patients with a history of heart disease, kidney disease, hypertrophic scars or keloids, and psychosocial disorders that may compromise postoperative follow-up should be excluded. Complications related to the use of phenol are frequent and can range from mild reactions, such as persistent erythema, to more severe complications, such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and prolonged healing. Conclusion: Phenol peeling remains one of the most effective options for deep facial rejuvenation, especially in cases of advanced photoaging and deep scars. However, due to its potential complications, careful patient selection is necessary, considering their skin characteristics and health conditions. Proper follow-up, both before and after the procedure, is crucial to minimizing risks and maximizing treatment benefits. Patient awareness of possible complications and the need for postoperative care is essential for the procedure’s success.

Keywords: phenol peeling; photoaging; facial rejuvenation.