Modelos agroflorestais para a restauração de áreas degradadas no cerrado: integração entre conservação e economia

Abstract

The recovery of degraded areas in the Cerrado biome, recognized as one of the world's main biodiversity hotspots, is a challenge requiring integrated solutions. This study proposes the use of the taungya agroforestry system (SAF) in a 0.69 hectare area as the central model for environmental restoration and income generation. Unlike other SAFs, the taungya system stands out by combining native tree species with temporary agricultural crops, offering unique benefits such as reduced initial implementation costs, income generation in the early years, and the creation of microclimatic conditions conducive to the long-term development of trees. The proposed model includes the introduction of native species with high ecological and economic value, such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), baru (Dipteryx alata), and guariroba (Syagrus oleracea), in addition to floral plants attractive to pollinators, such as caliandra (Calliandra dysantha). Integration with meliponiculture, through the management of jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula), is another strategy that enhances ecosystem services and adds value to the system. Projected results indicate economic feasibility from the eighth year, with annual revenues of up to BRL 35,475.00, while initial implementation costs are estimated at BRL 8,400.30. Besides meeting the requirements of the Brazilian Forest Code, the model aligns with Brazil's international commitments under the Paris Agreement and the UN's 2030 Agenda, emphasizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13 and 15, which focus on climate action and terrestrial ecosystem vi conservation. This study presents itself as a sustainable and replicable solution capable of mitigating the impacts of degradation in the Cerrado, reconciling environmental conservation and socioeconomic development.