Análise do risco de disfagia em pessoas com síndrome de Down

Abstract

Down syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in pair 21. Swallowing in individuals with Down syndrome presents particularities that can lead to an increased risk of choking, evidencing an imbalance in the relationship between breathing and swallowing functions. Dysphagia is a disorder that compromises the ability to ingest solid foods and liquids safely and efficiently. The EAT-10 is intended to serve as a self-assessment tool designed to identify the risk of dysphagia and symptoms, highlighting clinical responses that can help define treatment conduct. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of symptoms and risks suggestive of swallowing disorders in adults with Down syndrome. METHOD: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, which was applied to adults aged 18 years or older, of both sexes, at the Down Syndrome Association in Goiás (ASDOWN) in Goiânia - Goiás. The Eating Assessment Tool and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to collect data to achieve the study objectives. RESULTS: The results showed that 85% of the participants stated that they did not have problems losing weight associated with difficulty swallowing. It was observed that 10% reported difficulty swallowing liquids, 30% swallowing solids and 10% swallowing medications. In addition, 45% of the participants mentioned coughing episodes during meals, and 30% said that they felt like food was stuck in their throat. CONCLUSION: It was observed that there was difficulty on the part of the participants in correlating the characteristics of their swallowing with the symptoms addressed in the EAT-10. Even though they claimed to fully understand the protocol questions and mention the presence of frequent expenditure, the EAT-10 instrument was not sensitive enough to detect the risks of dysphagia in this population.