Relação entre diabetes gestacional e ocorrência do autismo

Abstract

Introduction: The origin of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, which includes an association of mainly genetic/epigenetic and environmental risk factors, which are related to the development of ASD. Therefore, the enigmatic etiology of ASD still needs further clarification. Objective: The present study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the literature on the relationship between gestational diabetes and the occurrence of autism. Methods: This is an integrative literature review based on the PRISMA model, with selection of studies in the PubMed/Medline database and Virtual Health Library (VHL), using Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), through combinations multiples using the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”, (autistic disorder OR autistic disorder), (neurodevelopment OR neurodevelopment) AND ("Gestational Diabetes" OR "Diabetes, Gestational"). in Spanish and English, from 2019 to 2024. Results: 10 scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Discussion: There is a close relationship between GD and the occurrence of autism, since it is clear that poorly controlled gestational diabetes can have negative impacts on both the fetus and the newborn, causing countless losses to those involved, in which the risk factors The inherent characteristics of GD contribute to increasing the dangers of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Furthermore, a possible marker for ASD screening was previously reported, but it is a study that has barriers to clinical practice, due to the limited cohort. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms mentioned above have not been elucidated, as it is extremely important to understand them. Conclusion: In-depth research is needed in search of better clarification, in order to find ways to minimize losses and improve the quality of life of patients on the autism spectrum.