Análises dos transtornos psicossociais em indivíduos expostos ao césio-137 no acidente radiológico em Goiânia - Goiás, de 1987 a 2023

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze psychosocial disorders in individuals exposed to Cesium 137 in Goiânia, from 1987 to 2023. Cesium-137 is an artificial radioactive substance. It is a common product of a nuclear fission reaction that occurs in nuclear weapons, or in nuclear reactors, used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants. This accident with accidental exposure to Cesium-137 in the city of Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil occurred in September 1987. As it is a harmful substance, that is, it causes harm to human beings, which impacted the lives of hundreds of victims directly and indirectly due to the radioactivity of cesium chloride (CsCl) powder. It caused the death of 182 people in a population of 1,150 people who were involved in this, in addition to several individuals who were affected by psychosocial disorders (n=893). A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out from January to March 2024, covering data that were recorded in 1987, the period in which the Césium-137 disaster occurred in the city of Goiânia-Goiás. The target audience were individuals who had direct and indirect contact with Cesium-137 and also those who had no contact. The population sample was drawn from individuals registered at the Radio Accident Assistance Center (CARA), in the period from January to March 2024 it was 1,150 (one thousand one hundred and fifty) people. As seen in this study, there is a relationship between exposure of groups I and II to Cesium-137, and the risk of developing psychosocial disorders (FG 1 and 2), in addition to developing some type of neoplasm (NG 1 and 2). Therefore, the objective of this study was achieved, as the main types of psychosocial disorders were analyzed and demonstrated in individuals exposed to Cesium 137 in Goiânia, from 1987 to 2023, of which depression and anxiety were those with the highest incidence, in addition have had great repercussions and social impacts on people's lives.