Síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) e sua associação com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, follicular cysts in the ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic dysfunctions, with diagnosis based on specific laboratory criteria. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a chronic metabolic disorder of high global prevalence, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin action or secretion, leading to severe complications. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the association between PCOS and DM2, providing a clinical alert for monitoring and preventing DM2 in patients with PCOS. Methodology: Narrative review with an exploratory qualitative approach, based on bibliographic and electronic sources. Development: PCOS affects 4 to 11% of women in Brazil, with a global prevalence of 9 to 18%. Its pathophysiological mechanisms include insulin resistance, altered gonadotropin dynamics, and genetic and environmental influences. The association between PCOS and DM2 is significant, with an increased risk due to insulin resistance. The diagnosis of PCOS requires a multidisciplinary approach and a variety of laboratory tests. Treatment aims to mitigate symptoms, restore ovarian function, and reduce the risk of metabolic complications through pharmacological therapies and lifestyle modifications. Conclusion: Insulin resistance is a central aspect of PCOS, with high prevalence among patients, highlighting the importance of regular metabolic monitoring. The association with DM2, presenting a significantly higher risk, underscores the need for targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. Integrating specific laboratory tests and personalized therapies, including lifestyle changes, is crucial to minimize complications and improve quality of life. Understanding the interactions between PCOS and DM2 is essential for developing effective therapeutic approaches and implementing comprehensive public health policies.