FATORES CONTRIBUINTES EM ACIDENTES AÉREOS BRASILEIROS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O SEGMENTO ENVOLVIDO NO TRANSPORTE AEROMÉDICO E ASPECTOS DO DESEMPENHO HUMANO

Abstract

In the context of aeromedical transport, psychological aspects related to human factors exert significant influence on the decision-making process of those involved in the flight, especially given that this is a sensitive segment that transports patients in vulnerable health conditions. In this delicate scenario, errors caused by aspects that interfere with human performance can trigger aviation incidents. Based on this problem, this research analyzed the contributing factors present in accidents in the non-scheduled air taxi flight segment, which includes aeromedical transport, that occurred between 2019 and April 2024. Using a basic qualitative-quantitative methodology with bibliographic and documentary procedures, books, articles, and aviation data were used as the foundation to achieve the proposed objective. The results indicated 45 accidents during the period and highlighted the contribution of human factors, specifically related to psychological aspects such as perception, attitude, and decision-making processes. The latter was the most frequent, present in 10 occurrences. Operational factors related to technical performance were also noted, with piloting judgment being the most frequent, contributing to eight accidents, along with planning and managerial supervision. The simultaneous contribution of different factors was also observed. Based on the data, the study concludes that there are failures in human performance, whether of a technical or psychological nature, mainly related to decision-making and the organizational environment, highlighting the need to improve these aspects both for non-scheduled air taxi flights and for aeromedical transport.