Novas perspectivas em análise de DNA forense

Abstract

The 20th century was the scene of great scientific advances in Forensic Molecular Biology. Historically, since the structural model in 1953, through the contributions of Alec Jeffreys and Karry Mullis, DNA has established itself as one of the most important macromolecules for criminalistics. Since then, there has been a constant evolution in the performance of criminal forensics along with new forensic DNA analysis technologies. The methodology applied was a bibliographic review of the most relevant and updated scientific articles, from 2016 to 2024, searched in databases such as PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar, in addition to the main scientific journals in the area and official documents from international police organizations. The research resulted in articles that address the innovative methodologies that are being improved in the context of Forensic Genetics, such as the growing expansion of the Genetic Profile Bank, Forensic Investigative Genetic Genealogy, New Generation Sequencing and Rapid DNA Analysis. The main objective of this article is to update the public interested in the forensic scenario and glimpse future perspectives for the methodologies presented. In this sense, it is noteworthy that the constant evolution in forensic DNA analysis constitutes significant benefits for the success of criminal investigations and assistance to justice.