Uso da biologia molecular no reconhecimento humano: rastreamento de indivíduos desaparecidos

Abstract

Molecular biology has become an essential tool in human identification, whether in criminal cases or disappearances, forced or voluntary. The development of techniques for collecting, preserving and analyzing DNA has contributed to a more efficient resolution of these cases. The implementation of genetics in the resolution of disappearances had a great impact, mainly in cases that had been open for years. The analysis of small DNA samples has been shown to be a satisfactory resource in locating these individuals, since the genetic link is indisputable. Thus, the work was developed with the objective of highlighting the importance of molecular biology and technological advances in the forensic environment, with the purpose of helping in the resolution of cases of missing or unidentified individuals. A quantitative research was carried out through a critical analysis referring to the data to be collected on the subject. Articles from portals such as Periodicos Capes, SciELO, among other free and easy access articles were used. Based on the analyzed data, we concluded that advances in molecular biology proved to be effective in solving crimes, through the analysis of DNA collected from samples of genetic materials found at crime scenes or in the victim's body. These advances made possible the creation of the National Bank of Genetic Profiles, which became a satisfactory tool in the identification of criminal suspects, and recently it has also shown its effectiveness in locating missing individual.